"Microaggressions: everyday verbal, nonverbal, and environmental slights, snubs, or insults, whether intentional or unintentional, which communicate hostile, derogatory or negative messages.
Professor of Psychology and Education in the Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology at Teachers College, Columbia University, with joint appointment in the School of Social Work, Columbia University
"The term microaggression was first coined by psychiatrist Chester Pierce in the 1970s and can be more difficult to identify and address than overt forms of discrimination.
"Derald W. Sue describes three types of microaggressions:
Microaggressions may target age, gender, nationality, race, ethnicity, health, socioeconomic status, disability, gender and sexual expression, identity, ..."
Derald Wing SueProfessor of Psychology and Education in the Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology at Teachers College, Columbia University, with joint appointment in the School of Social Work, Columbia University
"The term microaggression was first coined by psychiatrist Chester Pierce in the 1970s and can be more difficult to identify and address than overt forms of discrimination.
Perpetrators of microaggressions may be completely unaware that they hold a prejudiced view and may not realize the impact of their actions."
in https://www.psychiatry.org/news-room/apa-blogs/apa-blog/2016/10/racial-microaggressions-the-everyday-assault
("Psychologists distinguish between our explicit attitudes – which are the beliefs and feelings we'll admit to – and our implicit attitudes – which are our beliefs and feelings which are revealed by our actions." (in http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20160608-the-true-impact-of-tiny-microaggressions))"
in https://www.psychiatry.org/news-room/apa-blogs/apa-blog/2016/10/racial-microaggressions-the-everyday-assault
("Psychologists distinguish between our explicit attitudes – which are the beliefs and feelings we'll admit to – and our implicit attitudes – which are our beliefs and feelings which are revealed by our actions." (in http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20160608-the-true-impact-of-tiny-microaggressions))"
"Microaggressions are subtle acts of bias that reflect a structural form of oppression. The cumulative harm of microaggressions presents a unique case for understanding disaggregation models for contributed harms, blame allocation, and individual responsibility within structural oppression.
Our standard moral model for addressing cumulative harm is to hold all individual contributors blameworthy for their particular contributions (...)" (while also addressing awareness of intergenerational emotional-behavioural patterns, beliefs-patterns within a group in relation to another group and socio-cultural beliefs-patterns that carry microaggression) "(...) as individual perpetrators of microaggressions, we have a responsibility to respond to the cumulative harm to which we have individually contributed"
Christina Friedlaender
in "On Microaggressions: Cumulative Harm and Individual Responsibility"
micro–assaults, micro–insults and micro–invalidations.
- micro–assaults are conscious. They are explicit derogatory actions that are intended to hurt.
- a micro–insult is an unconscious bias of communication that demeans a person
- minimizing or disregarding the thoughts, feelings or experiences of a person is referred to as micro–invalidation."
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