"Impulsive movement: the most spectacular form of spectator movement in stadiums is the Mexican wave. But there are many other subtle impulses of tension and release that could start just anywhere, then propagate and contribute to the oscillation of emotions in the crowd.
Finally, in a moment of scintillation following victory, the crowd melts into a single whole and into discharge; time seems to stand still in high intensity for a moment."
Hannah Leonie Prinzler, p. 214
"In addiction to the shouting of rhythmic slogans with the emphasis on the last syllable in order to drive the team forward, the Mexican wave is the best known element of spectator participation at sports events. It is created by spectators getting up and throwing their arms in the air in quick sequence.
What looks like a spontaneous idea, was perceived in Germany as the invention of Mexican spectators at the 1986 Football World Cup. (...) The Dresden traffic researcher Dirk Helbing has investigated the phenomenon: he arrives at the conclusion that 35 people are enough to initiate a wave in a stadium with 50.000 spectators, that has a rule the wave moves clockwise with a width of 6 to 10 meters and a speed of 12 meters per second."
Volkwin Marg, p.156
in "Choreography of the masses: in sport, in stadium, in a frenzy"
ed. Volkwin Marg for Akademie der Künste, Berlin, 2012
"Moro Reflex, first phase: extension and spatial reach"
image from drtbalu
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