"Development is not a linear process but occurs in overlapping waves with each stage containing elements of all the others. Because each previous stage underlies and supports each successive stage, any skipping, interrupting, or failing to complete a stage of development can lead to alignment / movement problems, imbalances within the body systems, and problems in perception, sequencing, organization, memory, creativity and communication.
The developmental material includes primitive reflexes, righting reactions, equilibrium responses, and the Basic Neurological Patterns. These are the automatic movement responses that underlie our volitional movement.
The reflexes, righting reactions, and equilibrium responses are the fundamental elements, or the alphabet, of our movement. They combine to build the Basic Neurological Patterns, which are based upon prevertebrate and vertebrate movement patterns. The first of the four prevertebrate patterns is cellular breathing (the expanding/contracting process in breathing and movement in each and every cell of the body) which correlates to the movement of the one-celled animals. Cellular breathing underlies all other patterns of movement and postural tone.
Naval radiation (the relating and movement of all parts of the body via the navel), mouthing (movement of the body initiated by the mouth), and prespinal movement (soft sequential movements of the spine initiated via the interface between the spinal cord and the digestive tract) are the other three prevertebrate patterns.
The twelve vertebrate patterns are based upon: spinal movement (head to tail movement), which correlates to the movement of fish; homologous movement (symmetrical movement of two upper and/or two lower limbs simultaneously), which correlates to the movement of amphibians; homolateral movement (asymmetrical movement of one upper limb and the lower limb on the same side), which correlates to the movement of reptiles; andcontralateral movement (diagonal movement of one upper limb with the opposite lower limb), which correlates to the movement of mammals.
Development of the Basic Neurological patterns establishes our basic movement patterns and corresponding perceptual relationships -- including spatial orientation and body image, and the basic elements of learning and communication. In spinal movements, for example, we develop rolling, establish the horizontal plane, differentiate the front of our bodies from the back of our bodies, and gain the ability to attend.
In homologous movements we develop symmetrical movements such as push-ups and jumping with both feet, establish the sagittal plane, differentiate the upper part of our bodies from the lower part of our bodies, and gain the ability to act.
In homolateral movements we develop asymmetrical movements such as crawling on our bellies and hopping on one leg, establish the vertical plane, differentiate the right side of our bodies from the left, and gain the ability to intend.
In contralateral movements we develop diagonal movements such as creeping on our hands and forelegs, walking, running, and leaping; establish three-dimensional movement; differentiate the diagonal quadrants of our bodies; and gain the ability to integrate our attention, intention, and actions.
The developmental movement-perceptual progression establishes a process-oriented framework for the dialogue of the body systems."
Bonnie Bainbridge Cohen
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